Modules in Python

• A module is a collection of statements in which we store functions ,classes and variables.
• Python module acts as a library in which we can store set of functions and can use as per our requirements.

     Create Module

• Now i am going to create a module with name mymodule.py that contains a function add() that prints the sum of two given number.

#creating function
def add(x,y):
    print("Sum=",x+y)

• Now if we want to call add() function then we need to include this module in our python code.

      Include Module in our Python Code

• There are two way of including module in our python code.
• import statement
• from import statement

      import statement

• Syntax:
  

  import module1,module2,........ module n  
  

• We can import multiple modules in a single statements.
• The import statements includes all the functionality of one module into another.
• import keyword is used to include module.

#importing mymodule file
import mymodule
#taking user input
x=int(input("Enter first number:"))
y=int(input("Enter second number:"))
#calling function of mymodule
mymodule.add(x,y)
"""
***Output***
Enter first number:10
Enter second number:20
Sum= 30
"""
 

      from import statement

• This statement is used when there is a need to include only the specific attributes of a module.
• Now i am going to create a new module geometry.py that contains many functions.

geometry.py

def rectangle_area(h,w):
    return  h*w
def square_area(side):
    return  side*side
def circle_area(radius):
    return  2*3.14*radius

• Now if we want to import only square_area() from geometry.py the we should code like this

myprogram.py

#importing square_area from geometry.py
from geometry import square_area
side=int(input("Enter side of square:"))
#calling square_area
print("The area of Square:",square_area(side))
"""
***Output***
Enter side of square:12
The area of Square: 144
"""

      Renaming a Module

• We can raname a module by using as keyword.
• Syntax:
  

  import <old_module_name> as <new_module_name>
  

#importing geometry.py
#Note:this line will include
#all the functions of gepmetry.py
import  geometry as geo
side=int(input("Enter side of square:"))
#calling square_area
print("The area of Square:",geo.square_area(side))
"""
***Output***
Enter side of square:10
The area of Square: 100
"""

     dir() function

• It is a predefined function that returns list of all the functions or variables or sub-modules name defined in the given module.

#importing geometry.py
import  geometry
print(dir(geometry))
"""
***Output***
['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
 '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 
 'circle_area', 'rectangle_area', 'square_area']
"""

     Variables in module

• We can also define variables in module and can use in our python code.

variablemodule.py

x=20
y=30

myprogram.py

#importing variablemodule.py
import  variablemodule
#accessing module variables
print("Sum=",variablemodule.x+variablemodule.y)
"""
***Output***
Sum= 50 
"""

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